MN 147 Cularahulovada Sutta: The Shorter Discourse of Advice to Rahula
Thus have i heard.
On one occasion the Blessed One was living at Savatthi in Jeta's Grove, Anathapindika's Park. Then, while the Blessed One was alone in meditation, a thought arose in his mind thus: "The states that ripen in deliverance have ripened in Rahula. Suppose I were to lead him on further to the destruction of the taints." Then in the morning, the Blessed One dressed, and taking his bowl and outer robe, went into Savatthi for alms.
After his alms round, he addressed the venerable Rahula thus: "Take your sitting cloth with you, Rahula; let us go to the Blind Men's Grove to pass the day." "Yes, venerable sir," the venerable Rahula replied, and taking his sitting cloth with him, he followed close behind the Blessed One. Now on that occasion many thousands of deities followed the Blessed One, thinking: "Today the Blessed One will lead the venerable Rahula further to the destruction of the taints." Then the Blessed One went into the Blind Men's Grove and sat down at the root of a certain tree on a seat made ready. And the venerable Rahula paid homage to the Blessed One and sat down at one side.
The Blessed One then said to the venerable Rahula:"Rahula, what do you think? Is the eye permanent or impermanent?" Rahula: "Impermanent, venerable sir." Buddha: "Is what is impermanent suffering or happiness?" Rahula: "Suffering, venerable sir,' " Buddha: "Is what is impermanent, suffering, and subject to change fit to be regarded thus: 'This is mine, this I am, this is my self'?" Rahula: "No, venerable sir."
Buddha: "Rahula, what do you think? Are forms...Is eye-consciousness ....Is eye-contact...Are any feeling, any perception, any formations, any consciousness that arise with eye-contact as condition permanent or impermanent?" Rahula: "Impermanent, venerable sir." Buddha: "Is what is impermanent suffering or happiness?" Rahula:"Suffering, venerable sir." Buddha: "Is what is impermanent, suffering, and subject to change fit to be regarded thus: "This is mine, this I am, this is my self'?" Rahula: "No, venerable sir."
Buddha: "Rahula, what do you think? Is the ear permanent or impermanent?...Is the nose permanent or impermanent?...Is the tongue permanent or impermanent?.. .Is the body permanent or impermanent?...Are mind-objects...Is mind-consciousness...Is mind-contact...Are any feeling, any perception, any formations, any consciousness that arise with mind-contact as condition permanent or impermanent?" Rahula: "Impermanent, venerable sir."
Buddha: "Is what is impermanent suffering or happiness?" Rahula: "Suffering, venerable sir." Buddha: "Is what is impermanent, suffering, and subject to change fit to be regarded thus: 'This is mine, this I am, this is my self'?" Rahula: "No, venerable sir."
Buddha: "Seeing thus, Rahula, a well-taught noble disciple becomes disenchanted with the eye, disenchanted with forms, disenchanted with eye-consciousness, disenchanted with eye-contact, and disenchanted with any feeling, any perception, any formations, any consciousness that arise with eye-contact as condition. "He becomes disenchanted with the ear...He becomes disenchanted with the nose...He becomes disenchanted with the tongue...He becomes disenchanted with the body...He becomes disenchanted with the mind, disenchanted with mind-objects, disenchanted with mind-consciousness, disenchanted with mind-contact, and disenchanted with any feeling, any perception, any formations, any consciousness that arise with mind-contact as condition. Being disenchanted, he becomes dispassionate. Through dispassion ,his mind is liberated. When it is liberated there comes the knowledge: 'It is liberated.' He understands: 'Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more coming to any state of being.'"
That is what the Blessed One said. The venerable Rahula was satisfied and delighted in the Blessed One's words. Now while this discourse was being spoken, through not clinging the venerable Rahula's mind was liberated from the taints. And in those many thousands of deities there arose the spotless immaculate vision of the Dhamma: "All that is subject to arising is subject to cessation."
In summary, the Buddha's gave a discouse to his son Rāhula that brought Rāhula to Arahantship. A thorough breakdown of what is not to be considered self and why it is not to be considered self and how the five aggregates are impermanent and what's impermanent are non-self and leads to suffering.
References: 1. www.accesstoinsight.org 2. https://suttacentral.net/ 3. The Middle discourses of the Buddha (Bhikkhu Bodhi)